been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. Italics in the footnote citations were inconsistently applied by the typesetter. Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. ^a represents a superscripted character (a for example). {_v} represents a subscripted v. [_c_] represents a backwards c. Footnote II-11: "Reads" should possibly be "Reade." Footnote VI-43: "por bien de abirle los ojos, y darle luz, y abridle ... " should possibly be "por bien de abrirle los ojos, y darle luz, y abrirle ..." Footnote IX-7 is missing a starting quote. Footnote X-65: "rook" should possibly be "rock." Footnote XI-5 is missing a starting quote. Footnote II'-29: "queer" should possibly be "quer." Footnote II'-60 is missing a starting quote. Footnote III'-2: "îsles" should possibly be "îles." Footnote III'-7: "Kaigáni" or "Kaigani" may be spelled incorrectly. Footnote IV'-16: "Entferten" should possibly be "Entfernten." Footnote V'-7: "Schlusstein" should possibly be "Schlussstein." Footnote XII-75: The ending page should possibly be 302. Page 569: "Irritilia" should possibly be "Irritila." Page 634: The periods after "from us", and "masahchie" are possibly typos. Page 703: "kiokame" is a possible typo for "hiokame." _Erman_, _Archiv_ is variously numbered with Roman and Arabic numbers. THE WORKS OF HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT. VOLUME III. THE NATIVE RACES. VOL. III. MYTHS AND LANGUAGES. SAN FRANCISCO: A. L. BANCROFT & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1883. Entered according to Act of Congress in the Year 1882, by HUBERT H. BANCROFT, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. _All Rights Reserved._ CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME. MYTHOLOGY. CHAPTER I. SPEECH AND SPECULATION. PAGE. Difference between Man and Brutes -- Mind-Language and Soul-Language -- Origin of Language: A Gift of the Creator, a Human Invention, or an Evolution -- Nature and Value of Myth -- Origin of Myth: The Divine Idea, a Fiction of Sorcery, the Creation of a Designing Priesthood -- Origin of Worship, of Prayer, of Sacrifice -- Fetichism and the Origin of Animal-Worship -- Religion and Mythology 1 CHAPTER II. ORIGIN AND END OF THINGS. Quiché Creation-Myth -- Aztec Origin-Myths -- The Papagos -- Montezuma and the Coyote -- The Moquis -- The Great Spider's Web of the Pimas -- Navajo and Pueblo Creations -- Origin of Clear Lake and Lake Tahoe -- Chareya of the Cahrocs -- Mount Shasta, the Wigwam of the Great Spirit -- Idaho Springs and Water Falls -- How Differences in Language Occurred -- Yehl, the Creator of the Thlinkeets -- The Raven and the Dog 42 CHAPTER III. PHYSICAL MYTHS. Sun, Moon, and Stars -- Eclipses -- The Moon Personified in the Land of the Crescent -- Fire -- How the Coyote Stole Fire for the Cahrocs -- How the Frog Lost His Tail -- How the Coyote Stole Fire for the Navajos -- Wind and Thunder -- The Four Winds and the Cross -- Water, the First of Elemental Things -- Its Sacred and Cleansing Power -- Earth and Sky -- Earthquakes and Volcanoes -- Mountains -- How the Hawk and Crow Built the Coast Range -- The Mountains of Yosemite 108 CHAPTER IV. ANIMAL MYTHOLOGY. Rôles Assigned to Animals -- Auguries from their Movements -- The Ill-omened Owl -- Tutelary Animals -- Metamorphosed Men -- The Ogress-Squirrel of Vancouver Island -- Monkeys and Beavers -- Fallen Men -- The Sacred Animals -- Prominence of the Bird -- An Emblem of the Wind -- The Serpent, an Emblem of the Lightning -- Not Specially connected with Evil -- The Serpent of the Pueblos -- The Water-Snake -- Ophiolatry -- Prominence of the Dog, or the Coyote -- Generally though not always a Benevolent Power -- How the Coyote let...